Zeziphi iindidi ezineiibholiti zentsimbi?
1. Teflon
Igama lokurhweba le-PTFE yi "Teflon", i-PTFE elula okanye i-F4, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkosi yeeplastiki.Sesinye sezona zixhobo zikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa ehlabathini namhlanje.Isetyenziselwa ukwenza imibhobho yerhasi elulwelo, abatshintshisi bobushushu kunye nezinye izixhobo zokudityaniswa kwezixhobo.Izinto ezifanelekileyo zokutywina.
I-Tetrafluoroethylene yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zokuxhathisa i-corrosion kwihlabathi namhlanje, ngoko inegama elithi "Plastiki King".Ingasetyenziswa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwemichiza ixesha elide, kwaye imveliso yayo iye yasombulula iingxaki ezininzi kwilizwe lam imichiza, petroleum, amayeza kunye nezinye iinkalo.Iimpawu zeTeflon, iigaskets, iigaskets.Izitywina zePolytetrafluoroethylene, iigaskets, kunye negaskets zokutywina zenziwe nge-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene resin.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplastiki, i-PTFE ineempawu zokuxhathisa iikhemikhali ezigqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nobushushu.Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengento yokutywina kunye nezinto zokuzalisa.
Yikhompawundi ye-polymer eyenziwe yi-polymerization ye-tetrafluoroethylene.Inozinzo olugqwesileyo lweekhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukungangeni komoya, ukuthambisa okuphezulu, ukungabambeleli, ukugquma kombane kunye nokumelana kakuhle nokuguga.Inokusebenza ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa +250℃ukuya kwi-180℃.Ngaphandle kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sesodium kunye nefluorine engamanzi, inokumelana nazo zonke ezinye iikhemikhali.Ayiyi kutshintsha xa ibilisiwe kwi-aqua regia.
Okwangoku, zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ze-PTFE ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe njengeshishini lemichiza, oomatshini, i-electronics, izixhobo zombane, imboni yezempi, i-aerospace, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neebhuloho.Screw steel stainless
2. Ifayibha yekhabhoni
Ifayibha yekhabhon yimathiriyeli yekhabhoni enefayibha kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphezulu kwama-90%.Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zeC / C ezenziwe ngayo kunye ne-resin yenye yezona zinto zixhathisayo kwi-corrosion.
I-carbon fiber luhlobo olutsha lwamandla aphezulu, i-high-modulus fiber kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ngaphezu kwe-95%.Yimathiriyeli yegraphite ye-microcrystalline efunyenwe ngokufaka i-flake i-graphite microcrystals kunye nezinye iifiber eziphilayo kunye ne-fiber axial direction, kunye nokunyangwa kwe-carbonization kunye ne-graphitization.Ifayibha yekhabhoni “iyaguquguquka ngaphandle kwaye iqinile ngaphakathi”.Umgangatho wayo ukhaphukhaphu kune-aluminium yensimbi, kodwa amandla ayo aphezulu kunentsimbi.Ikwanayo neempawu zokumelana nokubola kunye nemodyuli ephezulu.Yinto ebalulekileyo kukhuselo lwesizwe, izicelo zomkhosi kunye nezoluntu.Ayinayo kuphela iimpawu zendalo zekhabhoni, kodwa ikwanenkqubo ethambileyo yeentsinga ze-textile.Sisizukulwana esitsha sokuqinisa imicu.
I-carbon fiber ineempawu ezininzi ezintle.Ifayibha yeCarbon inamandla aphezulu e-axial kunye nemodulus, ingxinano ephantsi, ukusebenza okuphezulu okuthe ngqo, akukho kukhahlela, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwindawo engenanto i-oxidizing, ukumelana nokudinwa kakuhle, kunye nobushushu bayo obuthile kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane kuphakathi kokungeyo-metal kunye nokungeyo- metallic.Phakathi kwesinyithi, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal incinci kunye ne-anisotropic, ukuxhathisa ukubola kulungile, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwe-X-ray kulungile.Ukuqhuba kakuhle kombane kunye ne-thermal, ukukhuselwa kakuhle kwe-electromagnetic, njl.
Xa kuthelekiswa nefiber yeglasi yemveli, imodyuli yeNtsha yecarbon fiber ingaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-3;xa kuthelekiswa nefiber ye-Kevlar, i-modulus ye-Young imalunga namaxesha e-2, kwaye ayidumbi okanye idumbe kwi-organic solvents, acids, kunye ne-alkalis.Ukuchasa umhlwa okubalaseleyo.
3. i-oxide yobhedu
I-Copper oxide ngoku iyeyona nto ikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa.ISweden ibisoloko iyinkokeli yehlabathi kwinkalo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya.Ngoku ilizwe'Amagcisa asebenzisa i-container entsha eyenziwe nge-copper oxide ukugcina inkunkuma yenyukliya, enokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo iminyaka eyi-100,000.
I-Copper oxide yi-oxide emnyama yobhedu, i-amphiphilic kancinane kunye ne-hygroscopic kancinane.Ubunzima bemolekyuli bungama-79.545, ubuninzi be-6.3 ~ 6.9 g/cm3, kwaye indawo yokunyibilika yi-1326.℃.I-insoluble emanzini kunye ne-ethanol, i-soluble kwi-asidi, i-ammonium chloride kunye nesisombululo se-potassium cyanide.Inyibilika kancinane kwisisombululo seammonia kwaye inokusabela ngealkali eyomeleleyo.I-Copper oxide isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-rayon, iiseramics, i-glazes kunye ne-enamels, iibhetri, i-petroleum desulfurizers, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen, ii-catalysts, kunye neglasi eluhlaza.
4. iplatinam
IPlatinamu izinzile ngokwekhemikhali kwaye ayihambelani ne-hydrochloric acid, i-nitric acid, i-sulfuric acid kunye ne-organic acids kwiqondo lokushisa.Ibizwa ngokuba "yeyona intsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion", kodwa iyanyibilika kwi-aqua regia.I-Titanium ilula ukwenza ifilimu ekhuselekileyo ye-titanium oxide, ngoko ityhubhu yokupholisa i-titanium ithathwa njengekhululekile kwi-corrosion kunye nokuguguleka.
IPlatinam yintsimbi exabisekileyo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo.IPlatinam yadanyazisa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kwimbali yempucuko yabantu kwasekuqaleni kwe700 BC.Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2,000 yokusetyenziswa komntu kweplatinam, ibisoloko ithathwa njengenye yezona ntsimbi zixabisekileyo.
Ubume beplatinum buzinzile kakhulu, ayiyi kuhlahloka okanye iphele ngenxa yokugqoka kwansuku zonke, kwaye i-luster yayo ihlala ifana.Nangona idibene nezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-acidic ebomini, njengesulfure kwimithombo eshushu, i-bleach, i-chlorine kumachibi okubhukuda, okanye ukubila, ayiyi kuchaphazeleka, ngoko unokugqoka ubucwebe beplatinam ngokuzithemba nangaliphi na ixesha.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ide kangakanani igugile, iplatinam inokuhlala igcina ukubengezela kwayo kwendalo ecocekileyo ecocekileyo kwaye ayisoze iphele.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2021