Mekhahlelo e mene ealiboutu tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang?
1. Teflon
Lebitso la khoebo la PTFE ke "Teflon", PTFE e bonolo kapa F4, e tsejoang ka hore ke morena oa polasetiki.Ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisuoa tse manganga ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng kajeno.E sebelisetsoa ho etsa liphaephe tsa khase ea metsi, li-heaters tsa mocheso le likhokahano tse ling tsa thepa ea litaba.Lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho tiisa.
Tetrafluoroethylene ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hanyetsa kutu lefatšeng kajeno, kahoo e na le botumo ba "Plastiki King".E ka sebelisoa ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lik'hemik'hale ka nako e telele, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e rarollotse mathata a mangata naheng ea heso ea lik'hemik'hale, petroleum, meriana le masimo a mang.Litiiso tsa Teflon, gaskets, gaskets.Litiiso tsa Polytetrafluoroethylene, li-gaskets, le likhase tse tiisang li entsoe ka resin ea polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene.Ha ho bapisoa le li-plastiki tse ling, PTFE e na le litšobotsi tsa ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale tse babatsehang le ho hanyetsa mocheso.E 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo e le thepa ea ho tiisa le ho tlatsa.
Ke motsoako oa polymer o entsoeng ka polymerization ea tetrafluoroethylene.E na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa ho bola, ho thibela moea, ho tlotsa haholo, ho se khomarela, ho kenya motlakase le ho hanyetsa botsofali hantle.E ka sebetsa nako e telele mocheso oa +250℃ho ea ho -180℃.Ntle le sodium e entsoeng ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng le fluorine ea metsi, e khona ho mamella lik'hemik'hale tse ling kaofela.E ke ke ea fetoha ha e phehiloe ka aqua regia.
Hajoale, mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa PTFE e bile le karolo ea bohlokoa moruong oa naha joalo ka indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, indasteri ea sesole, sebaka sa sefofane, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le marokho.sekoti sa tshepe e sa jeleng
2. Fiber ea carbon
Carbon fiber ke thepa ea khabone e nang le fiber e nang le khabone e fetang 90%.Thepa e kopantsoeng ea C / C e entsoeng ka eona le resin ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse hananang le ho bola.
Carbon fiber ke mofuta o mocha oa matla a holimo, a phahameng-modulus fiber e nang le khabone e fetang 95%.Ke microcrystalline graphite material e fumanoang ka ho bokella flake graphite microcrystals le likhoele tse ling tse phelang haufi le fiber axial direction, le ho etsa phekolo ea carbonization le graphitization.Fiber ea carbon "ea tenyetseha ka ntle 'me e tiile ka hare".Boleng ba eona bo bobebe ho feta ba tšepe ea aluminium, empa matla a eona a phahame ho feta a tšepe.E boetse e na le litšobotsi tsa ho hanyetsa kutu le modulus e phahameng.Ke thepa ea bohlokoa ts'ireletsong ea naha, sesoleng le lits'ebetsong tsa sechaba.Ha e na feela litšobotsi tsa tlhaho tsa lisebelisoa tsa carbon, empa hape e na le ts'ebetso e bonolo ea likhoele tsa masela.Ke moloko o mocha oa likhoele tse matlafatsang.
Carbon fiber e na le lintho tse ngata tse ntle haholo.Carbon fiber e na le matla a phahameng a axial le modulus, density e tlase, ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo, ha e theohe, e hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng haholo sebakeng se se nang oxidizing, khanyetso e ntle ea mokhathala, 'me mocheso oa eona o khethehileng le conductivity ea motlakase li pakeng tsa non-metallic le non-oxidizing. metallic.Har'a litšepe, coefficient ea katoloso ea mocheso e nyane ebile e na le anisotropic, khanyetso ea kutu e ntle, 'me phetisetso ea X-ray e ntle.Ts'ebetso e ntle ea motlakase le ea mocheso, tšireletso e ntle ea motlakase, joalo-joalo.
Ha ho bapisoa le fiber ea khale ea khalase, modulus ea Young ea carbon fiber e feta makhetlo a 3;ha e bapisoa le fiber ea Kevlar, modulus ea Young e ka ba makhetlo a 2, 'me ha e ruruhe kapa hona ho ruruha ka har'a metsoako ea organic, acid le alkalis.Khanyetso e ikhethang ea corrosion.
3. koporo oxide
Copper oxide hajoale ke eona ntho e hananang le kutu.Sweden esale e le moetapele oa lefats'e lefapheng la ho lahla litšila tsa nyutlelie.Joale naha'litsebi li sebelisa sejana se secha se entsoeng ka koporo oxide ho boloka litšila tsa nyutlelie, tse ka tiisang polokelo e bolokehileng bakeng sa lilemo tse 100,000.
Copper oxide ke oxide e ntšo ea koporo, amphiphilic hanyenyane le hygroscopic hanyenyane.Boima ba molek'hule ke 79.545, boima ba 'mele ke 6.3 ~ 6.9 g/cm3, 'me ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ke 1326.℃.Ha e qhibilihe ka metsing le ethanol, e qhibiliha ka acid, ammonium chloride le potassium cyanide solution.E qhibiliha butle ka tharollo ea ammonia 'me e ka itšoara ka alkali e matla.Copper oxide e sebelisoa haholo ho etsa rayon, ceramics, glazes le enamels, libeteri, petroleum desulfurizers, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le bakeng sa tlhahiso ea haedrojene, li-catalyst le likhalase tse tala.
4. polatinamo
Platinum e tsitsitse lik'hemik'hale 'me ha e sebelisane le hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid le organic acid mocheso oa kamore.E bitsoa "tšepe e hanyetsanang le kutu", empa e qhibiliha ka har'a aqua regia.Titanium e bonolo ho theha filimi e tsitsitseng e sireletsang ea titanium oxide, kahoo tube ea pholileng ea titanium e nkoa e le ntle le ho senyeha le ho senyeha.
Platinum ke tšepe ea bohlokoa e tšoeu e hlahang ka tlhaho.Platinum e ile ea khantša leseli le khanyang historing ea tsoelo-pele ea batho ka 700 BC.Lilemong tse fetang 2,000 tsa tšebeliso ea batho ea platinum, esale e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea litšepe tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.
Sebopeho sa platinum se tsitsitse haholo, se ke ke sa senyeha kapa sa fela ka lebaka la ho apara letsatsi le leng le le leng, 'me khanya ea eona e lula e tšoana.Esita le haeba e kopana le lintho tse tloaelehileng tsa asiti bophelong, tse kang sebabole lilibeng tse chesang, bleach, chlorine matamong a ho sesa, kapa mofufutso, e ke ke ea ameha, kahoo u ka apara mabenyane a platinum ka kholiseho ka nako leha e le efe.Ho sa tsotellehe hore na e aparoa nako e telele hakae, platinum e ka lula e boloka khanya ea eona ea tlhaho e hloekileng e tšoeu 'me e ke ke ea fela.
Nako ea poso: Sep-24-2021