Ndezvipi zvikamu zvina zvemabhaudhi esimbi asina tsvina?
1. Teflon
Iro zita rekutengesa rePTFE "Teflon", iri nyore PTFE kana F4, inowanzozivikanwa semambo wemapurasitiki. Ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinodzivirira corrosion munyika nhasi. Inoshandiswa kugadzira mapaipi egasi emvura, zvinopisa zvinopisa uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvemidziyo yekubatanidza. Ideal sealing material.
Tetrafluoroethylene ndechimwe chezvakanakisa kupikisa corrosion zvinhu munyika nhasi, saka ine mukurumbira we "Plastic King". Inogona kushandiswa mune chero mhando yemakemikari svikiro kwenguva yakareba, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwakagadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji mumakemikari enyika yangu, petroleum, mishonga uye mamwe minda. Teflon zvisimbiso, gaskets, gaskets. Polytetrafluoroethylene seals, gaskets, uye yekuisa chisimbiso magaskets anogadzirwa nekumiswa kwepolymerized polytetrafluoroethylene resin. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mapurasitiki, PTFE ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro makemikari kuramba uye tembiricha kuramba. Yakave yakashandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chekuisa chisimbiso uye zvinhu zvekuzadza.
Iyo inhengo yepolymer inoumbwa ne polymerization ye tetrafluoroethylene. Iine yakanakisa kugadzikana kwemakemikari, corrosion resistance, airtightness, high lubrication, non-stickiness, magetsi ekudzivirira uye kumira zvakanaka pakuchembera. Inogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba pakupisa kwe +250℃kusvika -180℃. Kunze kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa sodium uye liquid fluorine, inogona kumira mamwe makemikari ese. Izvo hazvizoshanduki kana yakabikwa mu aqua regia.
Parizvino, marudzi ese ezvigadzirwa zvePTFE akaita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika senge indasitiri yemakemikari, michina, zvemagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, indasitiri yemauto, nhandare yemhepo, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mabhiriji. Stainless simbi sikuruu
2. Carbon fiber
Carbon fiber iine fibrous carbon material ine carbon content inopfuura 90%. Iyo C / C inoumbwa zvinhu inoumbwa nayo uye resin ndechimwe chezvinhu zvisingadzivirirwe nekuora.
Carbon fiber rudzi rutsva rwepamusoro-simba, high-modulus fiber ine carbon content inopfuura 95%. Iyo microcrystalline graphite material inowanikwa nekuunganidza flake graphite microcrystals uye mamwe organic fibers pamwe chete nefiber axial direction, uye nekuita carbonization uye graphitization mishonga. Carbon fiber "inochinjika kunze uye yakaoma mukati". Hunhu hwayo hwakareruka pane hwesimbi aruminiyamu, asi simba rayo rakakwirira kudarika resimbi. Iyo ine zvakare hunhu hwekuomarara kuramba uye yakakwira modulus. Chinhu chakakosha mukudzivirira kwenyika, zvechiuto uye zvechiuto. Haisi chete ine hunhu hwekabhoni zvinhu, asi zvakare ine yakapfava processability yemachira machira. Icho chizvarwa chitsva chekusimbisa fibers.
Carbon fiber ine zvakawanda zvakanakisa zvivakwa. Carbon fiber ine yakakwira axial simba uye modulus, yakaderera density, yakakwira chaiyo kuita, hapana inokambaira, yakanyanya-yepamusoro tembiricha kuramba munzvimbo isiri-oxidizing, kwakanaka kuneta kuramba, uye kwayo chaiyo kupisa uye magetsi conductivity zviri pakati pe-isina-simbi uye isiri- metallic. Pakati pesimbi, iyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa idiki uye anisotropic, kurwisa ngura kwakanaka, uye X-ray kutapurirana kwakanaka. Yakanaka magetsi uye yekupisa conductivity, yakanaka electromagnetic kudzivirira, nezvimwe.
Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare girazi faibha, iyo Yechidiki modulus yekabhoni fiber inodarika ka3; kana ichienzaniswa neKevlar fiber, iyo Young's modulus inenge ka2, uye haizvimbi kana kuzvimba muorganic solvents, acids, uye alkalis. Kusaita corrosion resistance.
3. copper oxide
Copper oxide parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kurwisa corrosion. Sweden yagara iri mutungamiri wenyika mundima yekurasa tsvina yenyukireya. Zvino nyika'ma technician ari kushandisa mudziyo mutsva wakagadzirwa necopper oxide kuchengetedza tsvina yenyukireya, iyo inogona kuvimbisa kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka kwemakore 100,000.
Copper oxide iokisi yakasviba yemhangura, zvishoma amphiphilic uye zvishoma hygroscopic. Hukama hwema molecular mass i79.545, density i6.3 ~ 6.9 g/cm3, uye panonyungudika i1326.℃. Haina kunyungudika mumvura uye ethanol, inonyungudika muasidhi, ammonium chloride uye potassium cyanide solution. Inonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma mumushonga weammonia uye inogona kuita nealkali yakasimba. Copper oxide inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira rayon, ceramics, glazes uye enamels, mabhatiri, petroleum desulfurizers, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, uye zvakare kugadzirwa kwehydrogen, catalysts, uye girini girazi.
4. platinum
Platinamu yakagadzikana mumakemikari uye haipindirani nehydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid uye organic acids pane tembiricha. Inonzi "inonyanya kusaora simbi", asi inonyungudika mu aqua regia. Titanium iri nyore kugadzira firimu rinodzivirira rakagadzikana retitanium oxide, saka titanium inotonhorera chubhu inoonekwa seisina ngura uye kukukurwa.
Platinamu inongoitika chena yakakosha simbi. Platinamu yakapenya mwenje unopenya munhoroondo yebudiriro yemunhu kubvira 700 BC. Mumakore anopfuura 2,000 ekushandiswa kwevanhu kweplatinum, yagara ichionekwa seimwe yesimbi dzinokosha.
Chimiro cheplatinum chakanyatsogadzikana, hachizoparari kana kupera nekuda kwekupfeka kwezuva nezuva, uye kupenya kwayo kunogara kwakafanana. Kunyangwe ikasangana nezvinhu zvakajairika zvine acidic muhupenyu, sesarufa muzvitubu zvinopisa, bleach, chlorine mumadziva ekushambira, kana dikita, hazvizokanganisika, saka unogona kupfeka zvishongo zveplatinamu nechivimbo chero nguva. Hazvina mhosva kuti yakapfekwa kwenguva yakareba sei, platinamu inogona kugara ichichengetedza yakasarudzika yakachena kupenya uye haizombofi yakapera.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-24-2021