Gịnị bụ anọ edemede nkeigwe anaghị agba nchara?
1. Teflon
Aha ahia nke PTFE bụ "Teflon", PTFE dị mfe ma ọ bụ F4, nke a na-akpọkarị eze plastik. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị eguzogide corrosion n'ụwa taa. A na-eji ya emepụta pipeline gas mmiri mmiri, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ na njikọ ngwa ọdịnaya ndị ọzọ. Ihe mkpuchi dị mma.
Tetrafluoroethylene bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion kacha mma n'ụwa taa, n'ihi ya, a na-akpọ ya "Eze Plastic". Enwere ike iji ya na ụdị ọgwụ ọ bụla ogologo oge, mmepụta ya edoziwokwa ọtụtụ nsogbu na chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical na mpaghara ndị ọzọ nke obodo m. Akara Teflon, gaskets, gaskets. A na-eji resin polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene akàrà, gaskets, na gaskets akàrà eme ihe. E jiri ya tụnyere plastik ndị ọzọ, PTFE nwere njirimara nke nguzogide kemịkalụ dị mma na nguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe mkpuchi na ihe na-ejuputa.
Ọ bụ ngwakọta polymer kpụrụ site na polymerization nke tetrafluoroethylene. Ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ, nguzogide corrosion, ikuku ikuku, mmanu dị elu, enweghị nhịahụ, mkpuchi eletrik na ezigbo iguzogide ịka nká. Ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ogologo oge na okpomọkụ nke +250℃ruo -180℃. Ewezuga sodium ọla a wụrụ awụ na fluorine mmiri, ọ nwere ike iguzogide kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ niile. Ọ gaghị agbanwe mgbe esi ya na aqua regia.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị ngwaahịa PTFE niile arụwo ọrụ dị mkpa na akụ na ụba mba dịka ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, igwe, ngwa elektrọn, ngwa eletriki, ụlọ ọrụ agha, ikuku ikuku, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na àkwà mmiri. igwe anaghị agba nchara ịghasa
2. Carbon eriri
Carbon fiber bụ ihe carbon fibrous nwere ọdịnaya carbon karịa 90%. Ihe mejupụtara C/C nke mejupụtara ya na resin bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-emebi emebi.
Carbon fiber bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke ike dị elu, eriri modul modul nwere ọdịnaya carbon karịa 95%. Ọ bụ microcrystalline graphite ihe enwetara site n'ịkọba flake graphite microcrystals na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ n'akụkụ eriri axial fiber, yana na-enweta ọgwụgwọ carbonization na graphitization. Carbon fiber bụ "mgbanwe n'èzí na nke siri ike n'ime". Àgwà ya dị ọkụ karịa nke aluminom ígwè, ma ike ya dị elu karịa nke ígwè. Ọ nwekwara njirimara nke nguzogide corrosion na modul dị elu. Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na nchekwa mba, ndị agha na ngwa ndị nkịtị. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere njirimara ebumpụta ụwa nke ihe carbon, kamakwa ọ nwere usoro dị nro nke eriri textile. Ọ bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke eriri ume ike.
Carbon fiber nwere ọtụtụ ihe mara mma. Carbon fiber nwere nnukwu axial ike na modulus, obere njupụta, elu kpọmkwem arụmọrụ, ọ dịghị creep, ultra-elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na-abụghị oxidizing gburugburu, ezi ike ọgwụgwụ na-eguzogide, na ya kpọmkwem okpomọkụ na eletriki conductivity bụ n'etiti ndị na-abụghị ọla na ndị na-abụghị ọla. dara. N'etiti ọla, ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye ọkụ bụ obere na anisotropic, nkwụsị nke corrosion dị mma, na nnyefe X-ray dị mma. Ezigbo ọkụ eletrik na ọkụ ọkụ, ezigbo mkpuchi electromagnetic, wdg.
Tụnyere eriri iko ọdịnala, modul nke Young nke eriri carbon karịrị ugboro 3; ma e jiri ya tụnyere eriri Kevlar, modul na-eto eto dị ihe dị ka ugboro abụọ, na ọ naghị aza ma ọ bụ zaa na ihe mgbaze organic, acids na alkalis. Nguzogide corrosion pụtara ìhè.
3. ọla kọpa oxide
Ọla kọpa oxide ugbu a bụ ihe kacha eguzogide corrosion. Sweden abụrụla onye ndu ụwa n'ihe gbasara mkpofu mkpofu nuklia. Ugbu a obodo'Ndị na-ahụ maka nkà na ụzụ na-eji ihe ọhụrụ e ji ọla kọpa oxide mee iji chekwaa ihe mkpofu nuklia, bụ́ nke nwere ike ime ka e nwee nchekwa nchekwa ruo 100,000 afọ.
Ọla kọpa oxide bụ oxide ojii nke ọla kọpa, amphiphilic dị ntakịrị na ntakịrị hygroscopic. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ 79.545, njupụta bụ 6.3 ~ 6.9 g / cm3, ebe agbaze bụ 1326℃. Ọ na-esighi ike na mmiri na ethanol, soluble na acid, ammonium chloride na potassium cyanide ngwọta. Ọ na-agbaze nwayọọ nwayọọ na ngwọta amonia ma nwee ike imeghachi ya na alkali siri ike. A na-ejikarị ọla kọpa oxide mee rayon, ceramics, glazes na enamels, batrị, petroleum desulfurizers, pesticides, nakwa maka mmepụta hydrogen, catalysts, na iko ndụ ndụ.
4. platinum
Platinum kwụsiri ike na kemịkalụ yana ọ naghị emekọrịta ihe na hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid na organic acid na ụlọ okpomọkụ. A na-akpọ ya "igwe na-eguzogide corrosion kacha mma", mana ọ na-agbaze na aqua regia. Titanium dị mfe ịmepụta ihe nkiri nchebe kwụsiri ike nke titanium oxide, ya mere a na-ahụta tube jụrụ oyi na titanium ka enweghị mmebi na mbuze.
Platinum bụ ọla ọcha dị oke ọnụ ahịa nke na-apụta na okike. Platinum nwunyere ìhè na-enweghị atụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepeanya mmadụ n'oge dị ka 700 BC. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ 2,000 nke mmadụ ji platinum mee ihe, a na-ewere ya mgbe niile dị ka otu n'ime ọla ndị kachasị ọnụ ahịa.
Ọdịdị nke platinum kwụsiri ike, ọ gaghị emebi ma ọ bụ daa n'ihi na ọ na-eyi kwa ụbọchị, na-egbuke egbuke ya na-adịkwa otu mgbe. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-abanye na ihe ndị na-emekarị acidic na ndụ, dị ka sọlfọ na mmiri ọkụ, ịcha ọcha, chlorine na ọdọ mmiri, ma ọ bụ ọsụsọ, ọ gaghị emetụta ya, n'ihi ya ị nwere ike iji obi ike na-eyi ọla platinum n'oge ọ bụla. N'agbanyeghị ogologo oge ọ na-eyi, platinum nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ọcha ọcha ya mgbe niile na ọ gaghị agwụ agwụ.
Oge nzipu: Sep-24-2021