He aha nā ʻano ʻehā onā kī kila kila?
1. Teflon
ʻO ka inoa kālepa o PTFE ʻo "Teflon", PTFE maʻalahi a i ʻole F4, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ke aliʻi o nā plastics. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea pale-corrosion loa i ka honua i kēia mau lā. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hana ʻana i nā pipeline kinoea wai, nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā mea pili pono ʻē aʻe. Mea hoʻopaʻa sila kūpono.
ʻO Tetrafluoroethylene kekahi o nā mea kū'ē i ka corrosion maikaʻi loa i ka honua i kēia mau lā, no laila ua kaulana ʻo ia ʻo "Plastic King". Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano mea hana kemika no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua hoʻopau kāna hana ʻana i nā pilikia he nui i koʻu ʻāina kemika, ʻaila, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā sila Teflon, nā pahu, nā pahu. Hana ʻia nā sila polytetrafluoroethylene, gaskets, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene resin. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā plastics ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka PTFE nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa a me ka hoʻopiha piha.
He hui polymer i hana ʻia e ka polymerization o ka tetrafluoroethylene. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, airtightness, high lubrication, non-stickiness, uila insulation a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻelemakule. Hiki iā ia ke hana no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahi mahana o +250℃i -180℃. Koe wale no ka sodium metala hoʻoheheʻe a me ka fluorine wai, hiki iā ia ke kū i nā kemika ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia e loli ke hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka aqua regia.
I kēia manawa, ua hana nui nā ʻano huahana PTFE āpau i ka ʻoihana aupuni e like me ka ʻoihana kemika, nā mīkini, nā uila, nā mea uila, ka ʻoihana koa, ka aerospace, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me nā alahaka. wili kila kila
2. ʻO ke kalapona kalapona
ʻO ka fiber carbon kahi mea kalapona fibrous me ka ʻona kalapona ma mua o 90%. ʻO ka C/C composite mea i haku ʻia a me ka resin kekahi o nā mea ʻoi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
ʻO ka carbon fiber kahi ʻano hou o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-modulus fiber me kahi mea kalapona i ʻoi aku ma mua o 95%. He mea graphite microcrystalline ia i loaʻa ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā microcrystals flake graphite a me nā fibers organik ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao axial fiber, a ke hana nei i ka carbonization a me ka graphitization treatments. ʻO ka fiber carbon "maʻalahi ma waho a paʻa i loko". ʻOi aku ka māmā o kona ʻano ma mua o ka alumini metala, akā ʻoi aku kona ikaika ma mua o ke kila. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka pale aupuni, ka pūʻali koa a me nā noi kīwila. ʻAʻole wale ia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kalapona, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka hana palupalu o nā fiber textile. He hanauna hou ia o ka hoʻoikaika kino.
Nui nā waiwai maikaʻi o ka carbon fiber. ʻO ka fiber carbon ka ikaika axial a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe kolo, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wela i loko o kahi wahi non-oxidizing, kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi, a ʻo kona wela kūikawā a me ka conductivity uila ma waena o ka non-metallic a me ka non- metala. Ma waena o nā metala, he liʻiliʻi a he anisotropic ka coefficient o ka hoʻonui wela, maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa corrosion, a maikaʻi ka hoʻoili X-ray. ʻO ka uila a me ka thermal conductivity maikaʻi, ka pale electromagnetic maikaʻi, etc.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pulu aniani kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka modulus carbon fiber o ka Young ma mua o 3 mau manawa; ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka fiber Kevlar, ʻo ka modulus o ka Young ma kahi o 2 mau manawa, ʻaʻole ia e pehu a pehu paha i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, nā waikawa, a me nā alkalis. Kūʻē kūʻē i ka corrosion.
3. keleawe oxide
ʻO Copper oxide i kēia manawa ka mea ʻoi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Ua lilo ʻo Suedena i alakaʻi honua ma ke kahua o ka hoʻolei ʻōpala nuklea. I kēia manawa ka ʻāina'Ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻenehana i kahi pahu hou i hana ʻia me ka copper oxide e mālama i ka ʻōpala nuklea, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka mālama palekana no 100,000 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka copper oxide he mea ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ke keleawe, he amphiphilic iki a he hygroscopic iki. ʻO 79.545 ka nui o ka molekala pili, ʻo 6.3 ~ 6.9 g / cm3 ka mānoanoa, a ʻo ka helu heheʻe he 1326.℃. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me ka ethanol, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waikawa, ammonium chloride a me ka solution potassium cyanide. E hoʻoheheʻe mālie ʻia i loko o ka hopena ammonia a hiki ke hana me ka alkali ikaika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Copper oxide e hana i ka rayon, ceramics, glazes a me enamels, nā ʻeke, petroleum desulfurizers, pesticides, a no ka hana hydrogen, catalysts, a me ke aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
4. platinum
Paʻa kemika ʻo Platinum a ʻaʻole pili pū me ka waika hydrochloric, ka waikawa nitric, ka waikawa sulfuric a me nā ʻakika organik i ka mahana o ka lumi. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "corrosion-resistant metal", akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka aqua regia. He mea maʻalahi ka Titanium e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale paʻa o ka titanium oxide, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ka pahu hoʻomaha titanium ʻaʻole i ka ʻino a me ka erosion.
ʻO Platinum he metala makamae keʻokeʻo maoli. Ua hoʻomālamalama ʻo Platinum i kahi kukui ʻālohilohi i ka mōʻaukala o ka nohona kanaka ma mua o 700 BC. Ma mua o 2,000 mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kanaka i ka platinum, ua manaʻo mau ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā metala makamae loa.
Paʻa loa ke ʻano o ka platinum, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino a mae paha ma muli o ka ʻaʻahu o kēlā me kēia lā, a ʻo kona luster e like mau. ʻOiai inā pili ia me nā mea acidic maʻamau i ke ola, e like me ka sulfur i nā pūnāwai wela, bleach, chlorine i loko o nā loko ʻauʻau, a i ʻole ka hou, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia ʻia, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i nā mea nani platinum me ka hilinaʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa. No ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki i ka platinum ke mālama mau i kona keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe maoli a ʻaʻole loa e mae.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-24-2021