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1. Teflon
Sunan kasuwanci na PTFE shine "Teflon", PTFE mai sauƙi ko F4, wanda aka fi sani da sarkin robobi.Yana daya daga cikin mafi jure lalata a duniya a yau.Ana amfani da shi don kera bututun iskar gas, masu musayar zafi da sauran haɗin kayan aikin abun ciki.Madaidaicin abin rufewa.
Tetrafluoroethylene yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan juriya na lalata a duniya a yau, don haka yana da suna "King Plastics".Ana iya amfani da shi a kowane nau'i na sinadarai na dogon lokaci, kuma samar da shi ya magance matsaloli masu yawa a cikin sinadarai, man fetur, magunguna da sauransu.Teflon seals, gaskets, gaskets.Polytetrafluoroethylene hatimi, gaskets, da gaskets ɗin rufewa an yi su ne da guduro polytetrafluoroethylene na dakatarwa.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran robobi, PTFE yana da halaye na kyakkyawan juriya na sinadarai da juriya na zafin jiki.An yi amfani da shi ko'ina azaman abin rufewa da kayan cikawa.
Wani fili ne na polymer da aka samar ta hanyar polymerization na tetrafluoroethylene.Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya na lalata, rashin iska, babban lubrication, rashin daidaituwa, rufin lantarki da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsufa.Yana iya aiki na dogon lokaci a zazzabi na +250℃zuwa -180℃.Sai dai narkakken ƙarfe sodium da fluorine na ruwa, yana iya jure duk wasu sinadarai.Ba zai canza ba lokacin da aka dafa shi a cikin aqua regia.
A halin yanzu, duk nau'ikan samfuran PTFE sun taka rawar gani a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa kamar masana'antar sinadarai, injina, kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki, masana'antar soji, sararin samaniya, kare muhalli da gadoji.bakin karfe dunƙule
2. Carbon fiber
Carbon fiber abu ne mai fibrous carbon da abun ciki na carbon fiye da 90%.Abubuwan da aka haɗe da C/C da aka haɗa da shi da guduro na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke jure lalata.
Carbon fiber wani sabon nau'i ne na babban ƙarfi, fiber-modulus fiber tare da abun ciki na carbon fiye da 95%.Yana da wani microcrystalline graphite abu samu ta hanyar tara sama flake graphite microcrystals da sauran kwayoyin zaruruwa tare da fiber axial shugabanci, da jurewa carbonization da graphitization jiyya.Carbon fiber yana "sauƙi a waje kuma yana da ƙarfi a ciki".Ingancinsa ya fi na karfen aluminum, amma karfinsa ya fi na karfe.Hakanan yana da sifofin juriya na lalata da kuma ma'auni mai girma.Abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tsaro na ƙasa, soja da aikace-aikacen farar hula.Ba wai kawai yana da halayen halayen kayan aikin carbon ba, amma har ma yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa na zaruruwan yadi.Wani sabon ƙarni ne na ƙarfafa zaruruwa.
Carbon fiber yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa.Carbon fiber yana da babban ƙarfin axial da modulus, ƙarancin ƙima, ƙayyadaddun takamaiman aiki, babu mai raɗaɗi, juriya mai tsananin zafin jiki a cikin yanayin da ba oxidizing, kyakkyawan juriya na gajiya, da takamaiman zafinsa da ƙarancin wutar lantarki tsakanin waɗanda ba ƙarfe bane da waɗanda ba karfe.Daga cikin karafa, ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar thermal ƙarami ne kuma anisotropic, juriya na lalata yana da kyau, kuma watsawar X-ray yana da kyau.Kyakkyawar wutar lantarki da haɓakar thermal, kyakkyawan garkuwar lantarki, da dai sauransu.
Idan aka kwatanta da filaye na gilashin gargajiya, ma'aunin matashi na fiber carbon fiber ya fi sau 3;Idan aka kwatanta da Fiber Kevlar, Matsalolin Matasa kusan sau 2 ne, kuma baya kumbura ko kumbura a cikin kaushi, acid, da alkalis.Fitaccen juriya na lalata.
3. jan karfe oxide
Copper oxide a halin yanzu shine abu mafi jure lalata.A ko da yaushe kasar Sweden ta kasance kan gaba a duniya a fagen kawar da sharar nukiliya.Yanzu kasar'Masu fasaha suna amfani da sabon akwati da aka yi da tagulla oxide don adana sharar nukiliya, wanda zai iya ba da tabbacin adana lafiya na shekaru 100,000.
Copper oxide baƙar fata ne na jan ƙarfe, ɗan amphiphilic kuma ɗan ƙaramin hygroscopic.Matsakaicin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta shine 79.545, yawancin shine 6.3 ~ 6.9 g / cm3, kuma madaidaicin narkewa shine 1326℃.Ba shi da narkewa a cikin ruwa da ethanol, mai narkewa a cikin acid, ammonium chloride da potassium cyanide bayani.Yana narkewa a hankali a cikin maganin ammoniya kuma yana iya amsawa tare da alkali mai ƙarfi.Copper oxide galibi ana amfani dashi don yin rayon, yumbu, glazes da enamels, batura, desulfurizers na man fetur, magungunan kashe qwari, har ma don samar da hydrogen, masu haɓakawa, da gilashin kore.
4. platinum
Platinum yana da ƙarfi a cikin sinadarai kuma baya hulɗa da hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid da Organic acid a cikin ɗaki.Ana kiransa "ƙarfe mafi jure lalata", amma yana narkewa a cikin ruwa mai ruwa.Titanium yana da sauƙi don samar da ingantaccen fim ɗin kariya na titanium oxide, don haka ana ɗaukar bututun sanyaya titanium ba shi da lalacewa da yashwa.
Platinum farin ƙarfe ne mai daraja ta halitta wanda ke faruwa.Platinum ya haskaka haske mai ban mamaki a tarihin wayewar ɗan adam a farkon 700 BC.A cikin fiye da shekaru 2,000 na ɗan adam amfani da platinum, ko da yaushe ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi daraja karafa.
Halin platinum yana da ƙarfi sosai, ba zai lalace ko ya shuɗe ba saboda suturar yau da kullun, haskensa koyaushe iri ɗaya ne.Ko da ya zo cikin hulɗa da abubuwan acidic na yau da kullun a rayuwa, irin su sulfur a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, bleach, chlorine a cikin wuraren wanka, ko gumi, ba zai shafe shi ba, don haka za ku iya sa kayan ado na platinum tare da amincewa a kowane lokaci.Komai tsawon lokacin da ake sawa, platinum na iya ko da yaushe kula da tsantsar farin sa na halitta kuma ba zai taɓa shuɗewa ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-24-2021